What is a Fetal Echo?
A fetal echocardiography, commonly known as a fetal echo, is a specialized ultrasound examination of a baby’s heart performed during pregnancy. Unlike a routine ultrasound that provides an overview of the baby’s development, a fetal echo focuses specifically on the structure and function of the fetal heart.
This detailed scan helps detect congenital heart defects (CHDs), which are among the most common birth defects worldwide. Early identification of heart problems enables timely planning and intervention to improve the baby’s health outcomes.
When Is a Fetal Echo Recommended?
A fetal echo is usually recommended between 18 to 24 weeks of pregnancy but can be performed earlier or later depending on the clinical situation.
You may be advised to have a fetal echo if:
- There is a family history of congenital heart disease
- The mother has pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes or autoimmune diseases
- Abnormal findings in a routine second trimester pregnancy ultrasound suggesting possible heart issues
- The fetus is diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities or other congenital anomalies
- Exposure to certain medications or infections during pregnancy raises concerns
How Is the Fetal Echo Performed?
During the scan, a sonographer trained in fetal cardiology uses high-frequency sound waves to capture detailed images of the fetal heart. This non-invasive and painless procedure usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes.
The scan examines:
- The four chambers of the heart
- Heart valves and their function
- Blood flow through the heart and major vessels
- Heart rhythm and rate
Benefits of Fetal Echocardiography
- Early detection: Identifies heart defects before birth
- Better pregnancy management: Allows specialists to plan for necessary treatments or surgeries after delivery
- Parental counselling: Provides information and support to expecting parents
- Improved outcomes: Timely care can reduce complications and improve the baby’s prognosis
Is a Fetal Echo Safe?
Yes, fetal echocardiography is safe for both the mother and baby. It uses ultrasound technology, which does not involve radiation or invasive procedures.
A fetal echo is a crucial tool in prenatal care when there is a risk of heart abnormalities. If your doctor recommends this test, it can provide valuable information to ensure the best possible care for your baby.