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Nasal bone assessment is a crucial element of prenatal screening and diagnosis. This procedure, typically conducted via ultrasound, offers significant insights into the development of the fetus and can help detect potential chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. At the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata (IFM), we emphasize accurate nasal bone assessment to provide comprehensive prenatal care and ensure optimal fetal health outcomes.

Importance of Nasal Bone Assessment

Nasal bone assessment serves as an essential marker in the first and second trimester screenings. The presence, absence, or length of the nasal bone can indicate the risk of chromosomal anomalies. This assessment is generally performed via ultrasound between the 11th and 14th weeks of gestation, providing an early indicator of fetal health.

Methodology

1. Timing of the Ultrasound:

First Trimester: Between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation, the practitioner assesses the presence and measurement of the nasal bone.

Second Trimester: Additional assessments may be conducted if initial results are inconclusive or if the patient is at high risk.

2. Ultrasound Technique:

• A high-resolution transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound is used.
• The fetus is positioned to obtain a clear midsagittal view of the face.
• The nasal bone appears as a bright, echogenic line near the nasal bridge below the skin.

3. Measurement and Interpretation:

The measurement of the nasal bone length is taken from one end to the other.

Absence or hypoplasia (underdevelopment) of the nasal bone can be a soft marker for chromosomal abnormalities, particularly Down syndrome.

Clinical Significance

1. Down Syndrome Screening:

The absence or underdevelopment of the nasal bone is a significant marker for Down syndrome, especially when combined with other markers like nuchal translucency thickness and maternal serum biochemistry.

2. Other Chromosomal Anomalies:

Nasal bone hypoplasia also indicates other trisomies, such as Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13.

3. Risk Assessment:

The team integrates data from nasal bone assessments with other screening results to provide a comprehensive risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities.

Challenges and Considerations

1. Technical Difficulties:

The correct positioning of the fetus is crucial for an accurate assessment, which can sometimes be challenging.

2. Operator Experience:

The accuracy of nasal bone assessment heavily depends on the skill and experience of the sonographer.

3. Patient Factors:

Factors such as maternal obesity and fetal position, however, can impact the clarity of the ultrasound image.

Advances in Fetal Medicine at IFM

At the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata, our dedicated team utilizes cutting-edge ultrasound technology and expert interpretation for nasal bone assessment. These advancements ensure precise diagnosis and timely interventions, contributing significantly to fetal health assessment in Kolkata.

Comprehensive Prenatal Care

Our holistic approach to pregnancy care integrates nasal bone assessment with other prenatal testing methods. By embracing a comprehensive strategy, we enhance the overall fetal health and provide expectant mothers with detailed insights into their pregnancy, facilitating informed decision-making and better pregnancy outcomes.

Nasal bone assessment is a pivotal component of prenatal screening and diagnosis. At the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata, we maintain the highest standards in nasal bone assessment by utilizing advanced techniques and a patient-centered approach. This assessment not only aids in the early detection of chromosomal abnormalities but also supports informed decision-making and comprehensive prenatal care.

By combining meticulous planning, precise diagnostics, and compassionate care, we strive to ensure the best possible outcomes for expectant mothers and their babies. Trust IFM for expert fetal medicine and dedicated pregnancy care in Kolkata.

References

Include recent studies, guidelines, and reviews on nasal bone  and its significance in prenatal screening.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledge the contributions of the medical team, sonographers, and support staff at the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata.

A cervical scan is a specialized prenatal examination that measures the length of the cervix to assess the risk of preterm birth. This scan is particularly important for women at high risk, such as those with a history of preterm births, multiple pregnancies, uterine abnormalities, or previous cervical surgery. The Institute of Fetal Medicine (IFM) in Kolkata offers comprehensive cervical scans as part of their extensive fetal health assessment services.

What is a Cervical Scan?

A cervical scan is a transvaginal ultrasound performed to measure the length of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, and its length can be an indicator of the risk for preterm labour. A shorter cervix may suggest a higher likelihood of preterm birth.

Why is a Cervical Scan Important?

• Preventing Preterm Birth: Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Identifying women at risk allows for early interventions that can help prevent preterm labour.
• Monitoring High-Risk Pregnancies: Women with multiple pregnancies, a history of preterm birth, uterine abnormalities, or previous cervical surgery are at a higher risk and benefit significantly from regular cervical scans.
• Guiding Pregnancy Care: The results of a cervical scan can inform decisions about the need for medical interventions, such as progesterone supplements, cervical cerclage (a procedure to close the cervix), or lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of preterm birth.

When is a Cervical Scan Performed?

A cervical scan is usually carried out during the anomaly scan, which typically occurs between 20-24 weeks of pregnancy. However, for women with a history of preterm birth, it may be necessary to begin cervical scans as early as 16 weeks and continue them periodically to monitor changes in cervical length.

The Procedure of a Cervical Scan

The cervical scan is a transvaginal ultrasound, which involves inserting a probe into the vagina. This approach provides a clear and accurate measurement of the cervical length. The procedure is safe, painless, and takes only a few minutes to complete.

Key Points About the Appointment:

• Duration: The scan usually lasts about 5-10 minutes.
• Comfort: Although the procedure is generally comfortable, some women may feel mild discomfort due to the transvaginal nature of the scan.
• Immediate Results: A detailed report will be available immediately after the scan. Parents receive a print-out, and the clinic can also email the report to the referring doctor if they provide an email address.

Specialist Care at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, Kolkata

The Institute of Fetal Medicine (IFM) in Kolkata is renowned for its expertise in prenatal testing and fetal medicine. Experienced professionals at IFM conduct the cervical scan using state-of-the-art ultrasound technology to ensure accurate and reliable results. The comprehensive fetal health assessment services at IFM help in early detection and effective management of potential pregnancy complications.

Importance of Regular Cervical Scans

Regular cervical scans are crucial for women at high risk of preterm birth. These scans allow for:

• Early Detection: Identifying cervical shortening early can lead to timely interventions.
• Informed Decision-Making: Doctors can make better-informed decisions regarding the management of high-risk pregnancies.
• Personalized Care: Doctors can develop tailored plans to address individual risks, enhancing the chances of a full-term pregnancy.

Ensuring Fetal Health in Kolkata

The cervical scan in Kolkata, especially at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, plays a pivotal role in pregnancy care. It provides essential insights into the health of the pregnancy, enabling proactive measures to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. The IFM’s dedication to advanced fetal health assessment and personalized care makes it a leading choice for expectant mothers in Kolkata.

Cervical scan is a vital component of prenatal care, particularly for women at risk of preterm birth. By choosing the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata for your cervical scan, you are ensuring that you receive expert care and accurate assessments, contributing to a healthier and safer pregnancy.

A wellbeing scans is a vital prenatal examination designed to assess the growth and overall health of the fetus during pregnancy. This scan plays a crucial role in monitoring fetal development and ensuring that the baby is growing at a normal rate without any complications. Conducted between 26 weeks of pregnancy up to term, it is most commonly performed around the 32-week mark.

What is Assessed During a Wellbeing Scans?

The wellbeing scan, also known as the growth scan, involves several important assessments to evaluate the health of the fetus:

• Fetal Measurements: The scan measures the size of the fetal head (HC), abdomen (AC), and femur (FL). These measurements are used to estimate the baby’s fetal weight (EFW), which is most accurately predicted from 28 weeks onwards.
• Fetal Movements: The examination includes observing the movements of the fetus to ensure normal activity.
• Placental Evaluation: The position and appearance of the placenta are evaluated to ensure it is functioning properly.
• Amniotic Fluid Measurement: The amount of amniotic fluid around the fetus is measured to check for any abnormalities.
• Doppler Ultrasound: A colour Doppler ultrasound is used to assess blood flow to the placenta and fetus, providing vital information about the health of the pregnancy.
• Any late developing anomalies: Certain anomalies of heart, kidneys and brain may develop in the 3^rd trimester which are assessed in a well being scan.

Why Should You Have a Wellbeing Scans?

The wellbeing scan is essential for all pregnant women to ensure that the fetus is growing at a healthy rate and to detect any potential complications early. This scan provides reassurance that the pregnancy is progressing well and allows for timely intervention if any issues are identified.

Specialist Care at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, Kolkata

In Kolkata, the Institute of Fetal Medicine (IFM) offers comprehensive wellbeing scans as part of their fetal health assessment services. The IFM is renowned for its expertise in prenatal testing and fetal medicine, providing state-of-the-art care to expectant mothers.

The wellbeing scan at the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata involves a detailed examination to ensure both the mother and baby is in good health. The experienced team at IFM uses advanced ultrasound technology to perform these scans, ensuring accurate and reliable results.

Important Information About Your Wellbeing Scans Appointment

• Duration: The appointment usually lasts about 30 minutes for singleton pregnancies.
• Immediate Results: A detailed report will be available immediately after the scan. Parents will receive a print-out, and the report can also be emailed to the referring doctor if an email address is provided.
• Images: Both 2D (black and white) and 3D images of the scan will be provided at no extra charge.
• Second Opinions: If seeking a second opinion, ensure that you provide previous reports before the appointment.

What to Do After Wellbeing Scans?

If any concerns remain after the initial wellbeing scan, further scans can be performed for reassurance. When serial wellbeing scans are recommended, they should be conducted at intervals suggested by the doctor, typically every 2-4 weeks.

Ensuring Fetal Health in Kolkata

The wellbeing scan in Kolkata, particularly at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, is a critical component of pregnancy care. This scan helps in early detection of potential issues, ensuring that both the mother and baby receive the best possible care. The dedicated team at IFM works diligently to provide comprehensive fetal health assessments, supporting expectant mothers through every stage of their pregnancy.

In summary, a wellbeing scan is an essential part of prenatal care. It offers valuable insights into the growth and health of the fetus. Choose the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata for your wellbeing scan and be assured of receiving expert care. Accurate assessments ensure a healthy pregnancy. contributes to a healthy pregnancy and peace of mind.

A fetal cardiac scan is a crucial examination during pregnancy to assess the heart and connecting blood vessels of the fetus. This specialized scan is an integral part of the routine prenatal screening process, typically conducted during the nuchal scan (11-13 weeks), the anomaly scan (20-24 weeks), and the wellbeing scan (30-34 weeks). The primary aim is to ensure the fetal heart is developing normally and to identify any potential abnormalities at an early stage.

When is a Fetal Cardiac Scan Recommended?

• Women with a Family History of Congenital Heart Abnormalities: If there is a known history of heart defects in the family, a detailed fetal cardiac scan is essential to rule out similar issues in the baby.
• Women with Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes during pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital heart defects in the fetus.
• Women Taking Antiepileptic Drugs: These medications can potentially impact fetal development, necessitating close monitoring of the fetal heart.
• Fetuses with Suspected Heart Defects: If routine scans indicate a possible heart defect or increased nuchal translucency, a specialist cardiac scan is vital for further investigation.
• Fetuses with Certain Non-Cardiac Abnormalities: Some non-cardiac anomalies detected during routine scans can be associated with heart defects, warranting a detailed cardiac examination.

The Procedure of Fetal Cardiac Scan

The fetal cardiac scan is performed trans-abdominally, meaning the ultrasound is conducted over the abdomen. This non-invasive method allows specialists to capture detailed images of the fetal heart and blood vessels.

Key Points About the Appointment:

• Duration: The scan typically lasts between 15 minutes to half an hour for singleton pregnancies. If we detect an abnormality, we may need additional time to conduct further examination and consultation.
• Immediate Results: After the scan, a detailed report will be available immediately. Parents will receive a print-out, and if an email address is provided, we can also email the report to the referring doctor.
• Photos: 2D (black and white) as well as 3D photos of the scan will be provided at no extra charge.
• Second Opinions: For those seeking a second opinion, it is important to provide previous reports prior to the appointment.

Specialist Care at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, Kolkata

The Institute of Fetal Medicine (IFM) in Kolkata offers specialized fetal cardiac scans, ensuring the highest standard of prenatal care. Sonographers typically perform these scans starting from 16 weeks of gestation onwards.

In the event of detecting an abnormality, parents will receive a comprehensive explanation of the condition, the outlook for the baby, and a tailored plan for managing the pregnancy moving forward. This personalized approach ensures that we keep parents well-informed and supported throughout the process.

Importance of Timely Appointment Management

Given the high demand for fetal cardiac scans and the limited availability of appointment slots, it is crucial for patients to manage their appointments responsibly. If you need to cancel or reschedule an appointment, notify the clinic at least 24 hours in advance. This enables us to reassign the slot to another high-risk patient in need.

Fetal Cardiac Scan in Kolkata: Ensuring Fetal Health

In Kolkata, the Institute of Fetal Medicine is a leading centre for prenatal testing, including fetal cardiac scans. The institute offers comprehensive fetal health assessment services, detecting conditions like congenital heart defects and Down syndrome early.

The Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata emphasizes the importance of regular prenatal testing and detailed fetal health assessments to safeguard both the mother’s and the baby’s health. This proactive approach in pregnancy care identifies and manages any anomalies effectively, providing peace of mind to expecting parents.

Fetal cardiac scan is a vital diagnostic tool in prenatal care, particularly for those at higher risk of congenital heart defects. Through early detection and expert consultation at the Institute of Fetal Medicine Kolkata, this specialized scan plays a critical role in ensuring the health and well-being of both the fetus and the mother.

Fetal growth assessment is a crucial part of prenatal care that helps monitor the development and well-being of your baby during pregnancy. At the Institute of Fetal Medicine in Kolkata, we offer comprehensive fetal growth assessment services to ensure the healthiest possible outcome for both you and your baby.

What is Fetal Growth Assessment?

Fetal growth assessment involves monitoring the growth and development of the fetus throughout pregnancy. This assessment helps healthcare providers identify any potential issues that may affect the baby’s health or development.

Why is Fetal Growth Assessment Important?

Monitoring fetal growth is important for several reasons:

• Early Detection of Growth Restriction: It helps detect growth restriction early, which may indicate a problem with the placenta or other conditions affecting the baby’s growth.
• Identification of Macrosomia: It helps identify excessive fetal growth, known as macrosomia, which can lead to complications during delivery.
• Monitoring Overall Health: It provides an overall assessment of the baby’s health and well-being.

Methods of Fetal Growth Assessment

Several methods for fetal growth assessment include:

• Ultrasound: Experts commonly use this method to measure the baby’s size, weight, and growth rate.
• Fundal Height Measurement: This involves measuring the height of the uterus to estimate fetal growth.
• Doppler Ultrasound: This assesses blood flow in the umbilical artery to determine if the baby is receiving enough oxygen and nutrients.

When is Fetal Growth Assessment Done?

Fetal growth assessment is typically done at regular intervals during pregnancy, especially if there are concerns about the baby’s growth or if there is a medical condition that may affect pregnancy.

Fetal Growth Assessment at the Institute of Fetal Medicine, Kolkata

At our institute, experienced fetal medicine specialists utilize state-of-the-art ultrasound technology to perform comprehensive fetal growth assessments. We provide personalized care and support to ensure the best possible outcomes for you and your baby.

Fetal growth assessment is a vital aspect of prenatal care that helps ensure the health and well-being of your baby. If you have any concerns about fetal growth or if your healthcare provider recommends assessment, it’s important to follow their advice and seek timely medical care.

For more information about fetal growth assessment in Kolkata or to schedule an appointment, contact the Institute of Fetal Medicine today.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes and not medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider regarding any questions or concerns about fetal growth assessment and prenatal care.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) is a sophisticated screening test used to analyze cell-free DNA from the placenta in a pregnant woman’s blood. The NIPT test in Kolkata assesses the risk of certain chromosomal conditions in the baby, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome).

NIPT Results Explained

• High Chance of Trisomy 21, 18, or 13: If NIPT results indicate a high chance that the baby has trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13, it’s important to understand that this does not mean the baby definitely has one of these conditions. NIPT is a screening test and not a diagnostic test. For a definitive diagnosis, a diagnostic test such as chorion villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis is recommended.
• Low Chance (Less than 1 in 10,000): Conversely, if NIPT results show a low chance (less than 1 in 10,000) that the baby has trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13, it is unlikely that the baby has one of these conditions. In such cases, further diagnostic testing may not be necessary.

Importance of Follow-Up Testing

It’s crucial to follow up with your healthcare provider to discuss NIPT results and determine if you need further testing. NIPT provides valuable information to help guide decisions about prenatal care and possible next steps in pregnancy management.

NIPT Test in Kolkata at the Institute of Fetal Medicine

At the Institute of Fetal Medicine in Kolkata, we offer state-of-the-art NIPT  services  to ensure accurate screening and assessment of chromosomal conditions. Our experienced team provides comprehensive counseling and support to expectant parents throughout the testing process.

Conclusion – NIPT test in Kolkata

NIPT is a reliable and non-invasive screening test that provides valuable information about the risk of chromosomal conditions in the baby. However, remember that NIPT results are screening results and require confirmation with diagnostic testing if necessary.

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For more information about NIPT test in Kolkata or to schedule an appointment, contact the Institute of Fetal Medicine today.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider regarding any questions or concerns about prenatal testing.

Chorion Villus Sampling  in Kolkata

Chorion villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test that examines chorionic villi, which are tiny finger-like tissues in the placenta sharing the same genetic material as the fetus. This procedure, offered by the Institute of Fetal Medicine in Kolkata, is typically performed between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy to assess the baby’s chromosomal and genetic abnormalities.

Procedure

The CVS procedure is relatively quick and straightforward.

• Local Anesthetic: A local anesthetic is given to the mother to minimize discomfort during the procedure.
• Ultrasound Guidance: Using ultrasound imaging, the doctor locates the placenta and chorionic villi.
• Needle Insertion: A fine needle is inserted through the mother’s abdomen and into the placenta to collect a small sample of chorionic villi.
• Sample Extraction: The doctor carefully extracts a small sample of chorionic villi tissue, which contains genetic material shared with the fetus.
• Procedure Duration: The entire procedure typically lasts about one minute.
• Monitoring: Following the procedure, the fetal heartbeat is monitored to ensure there are no immediate complications.

This process is crucial for genetic testing and provides valuable information about the baby’s health and development during pregnancy.

Post-Procedure Expectations

It’s normal to experience mild abdominal discomfort, similar to period cramps, and slight bleeding for a couple of days after the CVS procedure. These symptoms typically resolve on their own, with over 99% of pregnancies in Kolkata continuing without complications. Simple pain relievers like paracetamol can help manage discomfort, but seek immediate medical advice if you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding, or fever.

Results and Follow-Up

Results for common chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome testing in Kolkata, are usually available within three days. Result for rarer defects may take up to two weeks. Our genetic testing experts will promptly inform you as soon as they receive the results.

Repeating the Procedure

In very rare cases, the CVS procedure in Kolkata may need to be repeated if the initial results are inconclusive. This ensures accurate information for making informed decisions about the pregnancy.

Risks Associated with CVS

The risk of miscarriage due to the CVS procedure is approximately 0.5%, similar to the risk of amniocentesis performed at 16 weeks of pregnancy. Any miscarriage would occur within the next five days following the procedure. Some studies indicate a small risk of abnormalities in the baby’s fingers and toes if doctors perform CVS before 10 weeks of pregnancy. To reduce this risk, our practice strictly avoids performing CVS before the 11th week.

Chorion villus sampling is an essential genetic testing procedure offered by the Institute of Fetal Medicine in Kolkata. It provides crucial insights into the health and development of your baby. While the procedure carries some risks, it is generally safe. Our experienced fetal medicine specialists enhance the procedure’s effectiveness.

If you have concerns or questions about CVS or pregnancy care in Kolkata, discuss them with our team. Your well-being and understanding are our priorities as we work towards the healthiest outcome for you and your baby.

For more information or to schedule an appointment for genetic abnormalities testing in Kolkata, contact the Institute of Fetal Medicine today.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes and not medical advice. Consult with your healthcare provider for questions or concerns regarding prenatal testing.

Pregnancy is often a time of joy and anticipation, but for some couples, it can also bring unexpected challenges and heart-wrenching decisions. Such was the case for a couple who faced a daunting diagnosis during their twins’ pregnancy. An abnormal scan suggested severe complications, leaving them devastated and searching for hope. They found it at IFM, Kolkata.

The journey began with a detailed anomaly scan and a much-needed second opinion at IFM, Kolkata. The expertise and advanced diagnostic capabilities of the team provided the clarity the couple desperately needed. A precise diagnosis was made, allowing for a well-informed path forward. This initial intervention was pivotal, transforming their journey from one of fear and uncertainty to one of hope and action.

Guided by skilled specialists at IFM, Kolkata, the couple underwent a fetal reduction procedure. This difficult but necessary step was taken to ensure a safer pregnancy outcome for the remaining baby. The decision, made with the compassionate support of the IFM team, marked a crucial turning point in their pregnancy.

Continuous monitoring became the cornerstone of their care. Regular check-ups and advanced fetal monitoring ensured that both mother and baby were progressing well. The IFM team provided not only medical expertise but also emotional support, helping the couple navigate the complexities of their high-risk pregnancy with confidence and reassurance.

Their perseverance and the unwavering support from IFM, Kolkata culminated in the joyous birth of a healthy baby boy. Welcoming their son, the couple’s lives underwent a profound change, filled with gratitude for the expert care that made this possible. The success of this journey highlights the critical role of specialized medical intervention and continuous support in managing complicated pregnancies.

At IFM, Kolkata, the combination of advanced technology, expert knowledge, and compassionate care creates an environment where even the most challenging pregnancies can have hopeful outcomes. This couple’s story attests to the dedication and proficiency of the IFM, Kolkata team, who commit to delivering the best possible care for their patients.

For other expectant parents facing similar uncertainties, the journey can indeed be overwhelming. With IFM, Kolkata’s expert care, hope and positive outcomes lie ahead. This couple’s journey showcases the transformative impact of specialized medical care on families.

High-risk pregnancies can be daunting, filled with uncertainty and concern for both the mother and the baby. For one couple, the journey was particularly challenging due to the mother’s Rh-negative blood type, a condition that can complicate pregnancy. Seeking the best possible care, they turned to the experts at IFM, Kolkata.

From the outset, the team at IFM, Kolkata demonstrated their commitment to ensuring the safety and well-being of both mother and child. They closely monitored the mother’s condition with specialized tests and interventions designed to address the risks associated with Rh-negative blood type. One such intervention was a fetal blood transfusion, a critical procedure to manage and mitigate potential complications.

The meticulous care and advanced treatments provided by IFM, Kolkata transformed the couple’s experience. The dedicated medical team employed a comprehensive approach to monitor the pregnancy, ensuring every aspect of the mother’s and baby’s health was thoroughly assessed. Regular fetal echocardiography played a crucial role in this process, consistently confirming that the baby’s heart was strong and healthy.

As the pregnancy progressed, the couple found immense reassurance in the expertise and support they received. The advanced medical interventions and continuous monitoring allowed them to navigate the high-risk pregnancy with confidence. The culmination of this careful and compassionate care was the birth of a healthy baby boy.

Celebrating with gratitude, the couple’s lives were profoundly changed by IFM, Kolkata’s expert support. Their story emphasizes the importance of specialized care in high-risk pregnancies, demonstrating its life-changing impact on expectant parents.

At IFM, Kolkata, the combination of advanced technology, specialized knowledge, and compassionate care creates a supportive environment for families facing high-risk pregnancy. The IFM, Kolkata team’s dedication and proficiency ensure the success of this couple’s journey, reflecting their commitment to patient well-being.

For expectant parents dealing with high-risk conditions, the journey can be overwhelming. However, with the expert care provided by IFM, Kolkata, there is hope and confidence in the path ahead. This couple’s story serves as a shining example of how specialized medical care can profoundly transform lives. It highlights the significant impact such care can have on families, illuminating a path of hope and healing.